RE: [xsl] Can't use xsl:include href="char-map.xslt"

[UlyLee <ulyleeka@xxxxxxxxx>]

Sorry if my question is confusing, my bad :D. The
problem really was the char-map.xslt was not loading
into the main xsl file. Here is the char-map.xslt
file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform";>
<xsl:character-map name="charmap">
<xsl:output-character character="|" string="&uuml;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&ugr;"
string="&ugr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="z"
string="&uacute;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&sfgr;"
string="&sfgr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&rdquo;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="v" string="&ouml;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&ogr;"
string="&ogr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&ngr;"
string="&ngr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&ndash;"/>
<xsl:output-character character=" " string="&nbsp;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&mgr;"
string="&mgr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&mdash;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&ldquo;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="n" string="&icirc;"/>
<xsl:output-character character=">" string="&gt;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&ggr;"
string="&ggr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&emacr;"
string="&emacr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="h"
string="&egrave;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&egr;"
string="&egr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&eegr;"
string="&eegr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&eedagr;"
string="&eedagr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="i"
string="&eacute;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&dasiagr;"
string="&dasiagr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&bgr;"
string="&bgr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="d" string="&auml;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&apsgr;"
string="&apsgr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&apos;"
string="&apos;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&aoxgr;"
string="&aoxgr;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&" string="&amp;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="a"
string="&aacute;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#9830;"
string="&#9830;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#981;"
string="&#981;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#977;"
string="&#977;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#973;"
string="&#973;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#972;"
string="&#972;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#970;"
string="&#970;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#969;"
string="&#969;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#968;"
string="&#968;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#967;"
string="&#967;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#966;"
string="&#966;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#965;"
string="&#965;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#964;"
string="&#964;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#963;"
string="&#963;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#962;"
string="&#962;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#961;"
string="&#961;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#960;"
string="&#960;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#959;"
string="&#959;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#958;"
string="&#958;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#957;"
string="&#957;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#956;"
string="&#956;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#955;"
string="&#955;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#954;"
string="&#954;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#953;"
string="&#953;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#952;"
string="&#952;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#951;"
string="&#951;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#950;"
string="&#950;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#949;"
string="&#949;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#948;"
string="&#948;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#947;"
string="&#947;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#946;"
string="&#946;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#945;"
string="&#945;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#943;"
string="&#943;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#942;"
string="&#942;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#941;"
string="&#941;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#940;"
string="&#940;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#937;"
string="&#937;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#935;"
string="&#935;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#934;"
string="&#934;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#933;"
string="&#933;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#932;"
string="&#932;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#931;"
string="&#931;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#929;"
string="&#929;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#928;"
string="&#928;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#927;"
string="&#927;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#926;"
string="&#926;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#924;"
string="&#924;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#923;"
string="&#923;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#922;"
string="&#922;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#921;"
string="&#921;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#920;"
string="&#920;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#917;"
string="&#917;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#916;"
string="&#916;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#914;"
string="&#914;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#913;"
string="&#913;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8594;"
string="&#8594;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8313;"
string="&#8313;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8312;"
string="&#8312;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8310;"
string="&#8310;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8308;"
string="&#8308;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8231;"
string="&#8231;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8230;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8229;"
string="&#8229;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8226;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8221;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8220;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8218;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8217;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8216;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8213;"
string="&#8213;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8212;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#8211;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8201;"
string="&#8201;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8197;"
string="&#8197;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8195;"
string="&#8195;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8194;"
string="&#8194;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8190;"
string="&#8190;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8189;"
string="&#8189;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8182;"
string="&#8182;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#818;"
string="&#818;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8175;"
string="&#8175;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#817;"
string="&#817;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8166;"
string="&#8166;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8158;"
string="&#8158;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8150;"
string="&#8150;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8142;"
string="&#8142;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#814;"
string="&#814;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8134;"
string="&#8134;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8127;"
string="&#8127;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8125;"
string="&#8125;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8118;"
string="&#8118;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#807;"
string="&#807;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8059;"
string="&#8059;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8057;"
string="&#8057;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8056;"
string="&#8056;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8055;"
string="&#8055;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8054;"
string="&#8054;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8053;"
string="&#8053;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8052;"
string="&#8052;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8051;"
string="&#8051;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8049;"
string="&#8049;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8048;"
string="&#8048;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#804;"
string="&#804;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#803;"
string="&#803;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8025;"
string="&#8025;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8020;"
string="&#8020;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8017;"
string="&#8017;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8016;"
string="&#8016;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8004;"
string="&#8004;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8001;"
string="&#8001;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#8000;"
string="&#8000;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7991;"
string="&#7991;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7990;"
string="&#7990;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7985;"
string="&#7985;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7984;"
string="&#7984;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#798;"
string="&#798;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7969;"
string="&#7969;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7956;"
string="&#7956;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7953;"
string="&#7953;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7952;"
string="&#7952;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7944;"
string="&#7944;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7940;"
string="&#7940;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7937;"
string="&#7937;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7936;"
string="&#7936;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7827;"
string="&#7827;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7826;"
string="&#7826;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7791;"
string="&#7791;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7789;"
string="&#7789;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7788;"
string="&#7788;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#778;"
string="&#778;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7779;"
string="&#7779;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7778;"
string="&#7778;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7771;"
string="&#7771;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7769;"
string="&#7769;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7763;"
string="&#7763;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7751;"
string="&#7751;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7749;"
string="&#7749;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7747;"
string="&#7747;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#774;"
string="&#774;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7723;"
string="&#7723;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7722;"
string="&#7722;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#772;"
string="&#772;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7717;"
string="&#7717;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7716;"
string="&#7716;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7703;"
string="&#7703;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#7693;"
string="&#7693;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#769;"
string="&#769;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#754;"
string="&#754;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#753;"
string="&#753;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#732;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#729;"
string="&#729;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#728;"
string="&#728;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#711;"
string="&#711;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#703;"
string="&#703;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#702;"
string="&#702;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#64331;"
string="&#64331;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#64318;"
string="&#64318;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#64309;"
string="&#64309;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#64305;"
string="&#64305;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#64298;"
string="&#64298;"/>
<xsl:output-character character=">" string="&#62;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61664;"
string="&#61664;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61548;"
string="&#61548;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61528;"
string="&#61528;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61522;"
string="&#61522;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61518;"
string="&#61518;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61516;"
string="&#61516;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61513;"
string="&#61513;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61509;"
string="&#61509;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61508;"
string="&#61508;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#61505;"
string="&#61505;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="<" string="&#60;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#496;"
string="&#496;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#487;"
string="&#487;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#486;"
string="&#486;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#382;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#381;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&" string="&#38;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#379;"
string="&#379;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#378;"
string="&#378;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#369;"
string="&#369;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#365;"
string="&#365;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#363;"
string="&#363;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#361;"
string="&#361;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#353;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="
" string="&#352;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#347;"
string="&#347;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#346;"
string="&#346;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#345;"
string="&#345;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#344;"
string="&#344;"/>
<xsl:output-character character=""" string="&#34;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#339;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="" string="&#338;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#337;"
string="&#337;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#333;"
string="&#333;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#332;"
string="&#332;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#326;"
string="&#326;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#324;"
string="&#324;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#322;"
string="&#322;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#321;"
string="&#321;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#299;"
string="&#299;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#293;"
string="&#293;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#289;"
string="&#289;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#288;"
string="&#288;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#287;"
string="&#287;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#283;"
string="&#283;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#279;"
string="&#279;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#277;"
string="&#277;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#275;"
string="&#275;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#274;"
string="&#274;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#272;"
string="&#272;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#269;"
string="&#269;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#268;"
string="&#268;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#267;"
string="&#267;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#263;"
string="&#263;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#261;"
string="&#261;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#259;"
string="&#259;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#257;"
string="&#257;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#256;"
string="&#256;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1514;"
string="&#1514;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1513;"
string="&#1513;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1512;"
string="&#1512;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1511;"
string="&#1511;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1508;"
string="&#1508;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1506;"
string="&#1506;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1505;"
string="&#1505;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1504;"
string="&#1504;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1503;"
string="&#1503;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1502;"
string="&#1502;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1501;"
string="&#1501;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1500;"
string="&#1500;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1499;"
string="&#1499;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1498;"
string="&#1498;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1497;"
string="&#1497;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1496;"
string="&#1496;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1495;"
string="&#1495;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1494;"
string="&#1494;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1493;"
string="&#1493;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1492;"
string="&#1492;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1491;"
string="&#1491;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1490;"
string="&#1490;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1489;"
string="&#1489;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1488;"
string="&#1488;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1473;"
string="&#1473;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1471;"
string="&#1471;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1468;"
string="&#1468;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1465;"
string="&#1465;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1464;"
string="&#1464;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1463;"
string="&#1463;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1462;"
string="&#1462;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1461;"
string="&#1461;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1460;"
string="&#1460;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1458;"
string="&#1458;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1457;"
string="&#1457;"/>
<xsl:output-character character="&#1456;"
string="&#1456;"/>
</xsl:character-map>
</xsl:stylesheet>

I tried writing the character-map into main xsl file
but I get a "This file is not valid: Unknown error"
message. But when I remove the character-map then
transformation works perfectly, so I guess the problem
is the character-map. But I can't figure out what is
causing the error.

This is may main xsl file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform";
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema";
xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/02/xpath-functions";
xmlns:xdt="http://www.w3.org/2005/02/xpath-datatypes";>
<xsl:include href="char-map.xslt"/>
<xsl:output method="xml" version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes"
use-character-maps="charmap"/>
<xsl:output method="html" version="4.0"
encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" name="table"
use-character-maps="charmap"/>
<!-- variable strRoman will hold possible roman
numeral token for heading -->
<xsl:variable name="strRoman" as="xs:string*"
select="('I.', 'II.', 'III.', 'IV.', 'V.', 'VI.',
'VII.', 'VIII.', 'IX.', 'X.', 'XI.', 'XII.', 'XIII.',
'XIV.')"/>
<!-- main template -->
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:apply-templates/>
<!-- template that will output the summary table in
html form -->
<xsl:result-document format="table" href="table.html">
<html>
<head>
<title/>
</head>
<body>
<table cellspacing="10">
<thead>
<tr align="left">
<th>Col. 1</th>
<th>Col. 2</th>
<th>Col. 3</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<xsl:for-each select="//complexarticle |
//simplearticle | //dummyarticle">
<xsl:sort select="@entry"/>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><xsl:value-of select="@id"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="@entry"/></td>
<td>
<xsl:variable name="x" select="count(.//xref)"/>
<xsl:for-each select=".//xref">
<xsl:value-of select="."/>
<xsl:if test="position() < $x">
<br/>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
</td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:result-document>
</xsl:template>
<!-- template that will copy the all elements,
excluding contributorgroup, its attributes and content
-->
<xsl:template match="*[name(.)!='contributorgroup']">
<xsl:element name="{name(.)}">
<xsl:copy-of select="@*"/>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:element>
</xsl:template>
<!-- template for info element, will copy the element
and call the InsertSummary template -->
<xsl:template match="info">
<xsl:element name="{name(.)}">
<xsl:copy-of select="@*"/>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:element>
<xsl:if test="count(ancestor::art//head)!=0">
<xsl:call-template name="InsertSummary">
<xsl:with-param name="ParentInfo"
select="./ancestor::art"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
<!-- template for pseudobiblio, will copy the element
and call the InsertContrib template -->
<xsl:template match="pseudobiblio">
<xsl:element name="{name(.)}">
<xsl:copy-of select="@*"/>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:element>
<xsl:call-template name="InsertContrib">
<xsl:with-param name="ContribPath"
select="preceding::contributorgroup[1]"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</xsl:template>
<!-- InsertSummary template, will insert a summary
element right after the info element, it will contain
all the head values that starts with a roman numeral
-->
<xsl:template name="InsertSummary">
<xsl:param name="ParentInfo"/>
<xsl:element name="summary">
<xsl:variable name="x"
select="$ParentInfo//div/head[subsequence(tokenize(data(.),'
'),1,1) = $strRoman]"/>
<xsl:for-each select="$x">
<xsl:value-of select="."/>
<xsl:if test="position() != count($x)">
<xsl:text>  </xsl:text>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:element>
</xsl:template>
<!-- InsertContrib template, will get contributorgroup
element in an article and move it after the
pseudobiblio element -->
<xsl:template name="InsertContrib">
<xsl:param name="ContribPath"/>
<xsl:copy-of select="$ContribPath"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

The char-map.xslt file is located in the same
directory of the main xsl file.

Here is my sample data:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sample>
<art>
<complexarticle id="COM-00956" entry="A priori/a
posteriori" sortcode="10034" volume="1" page="0">
<pseudoarticle>
<articleentry>
<mainentry>A priori/a posteriori</mainentry>
<mainentry lang="en">	A priori / a posteriori
</mainentry>
</articleentry>
<info>
<sumpara/>
</info>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">I.</hi>
</head>
<p>The distinction between <hi rend="italic">a
priori</hi> (from the former) and <hi
rend="italic">a posteriori</hi> (from the
latter) is used by philosophy on various
levels.</p>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">1.</hi>
</head>
<p>Fundamental is the epistemological distinction
between two kinds of epistemic (i.e. cognitive) <hi
rend="italic">justifications</hi> (e.g. grounds or
proofs). A justification is a priori if it is not
based on experience; otherwise it is a posteriori. The
result is an important distinction between two kinds
of <hi rend="italic">knowledge</hi>: a true conviction
involves a priori knowledge when it can be justified a
priori (i.e., independent of experience), otherwise a
posteriori knowledge. The latter is also called <hi
rend="italic">empirical</hi> knowledge.</p>
</div>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">2.</hi>
</head>
<p>When applied to <hi rend="italic">concepts</hi>,
the distinction between a priori and a posteriori has
two meanings: A concept is a priori in the <hi
rend="italic">genetic</hi> sense when it can be
employed before anyone finds applications for it in
actual experience; it is a priori in the <hi
rend="italic">epistemological</hi> sense when it is
employed in a priori knowledge. Ideas other than
concepts can be treated analogously.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">II.</hi>
</head>
<p>Historically, the present-day distinction goes back
to <xref target="0000">Aristotle</xref>, who noted
that what is naturally prior is often
epistemologically later (as when a cause is inferred
from its effects). In the Middle Ages, the Latin
expressions <hi rend="italic">a priori</hi> and <hi
rend="italic">a posteriori</hi> became standard in
this context, usually combined with the view that one
can determine a posteriori (from consequences or
effects) <hi rend="italic">that</hi> something is the
case, but that one can only explain a priori <hi
rend="italic">why</hi> something is the case. Later
G.W. <xref target="SIM-12853">Leibniz</xref>
identified the a priori / a posteriori distinction
with the distinction between (necessary) truths
of reason and (accidental) truths of
fact. The present-day importance of the
distinction is due to I. <xref
target="COM-11258">Kant</xref>.</p>
<p>Although it has been customary since Kant to view
independence from experience as the hallmark of the a
priori, the precise line of demarcation between a
priori and a posteriori is still disputed. The
discussion involves three primary questions: 1. What
exactly is meant by experience?
Depending on whether experience refers
only to outward sensory perceptions or includes
psychic, religious, or even extrasensory perceptions,
the concept of the a priori will be narrower or
broader. 2. What is the relationship of the
distinction between a priori and a posteriori and that
between analytic and synthetic statements or
judgments? (A statement is analytic if its truth or
falsity can be determined solely by the rules of logic
and the meaning of the terms it contains.) While
empiricists generally hold the view that only analytic
statements can be the object of a priori knowledge,
Kant in particular defended the possibility of
synthetic judgments a priori. 3. What is
the relationship of the distinction between a priori
and a posteriori knowledge and that between necessary
and contingent (accidental) statements? According to
Leibniz and Kant, the two distinctions are coincident:
what is necessarily true can only be known a priori,
and vice versa. Recently, however, some philosophers
have espoused the view that the truth and necessity of
necessarily true statements can be the object of
empirical knowledge.</p>
</div>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Willaschek, Marcus">Marcus
Willaschek</name>
</contributorgroup>
</pseudoarticle>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<listbibl>
<p>Aristotle <hi rend="italic">An. Post.</hi>
71b/72a</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>G.W. Leibniz, <hi rend="italic">Nouveaux
Essais</hi>, VI.2</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>I. Kant, <hi rend="italic">Kritik der reinen
Vernunft</hi> (B), Introduction</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>R. Eisler, H. Schepers &amp; G. Tonelli, <hi
rend="italic">HWP</hi> 1, 1971, 462474)</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>A. Casullo, A priori/a
posteriori and a priori
knowledge, in: <hi
rend="italic">Companion to Epistemology</hi>, ed. J.
Dancy &amp; E. Sosa, 1992, 18.</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
</complexarticle>
</art>
<art>
<complexarticle id="COM-00007" entry="Aaron"
sortcode="10037" volume="1" page="0">
<pseudoarticle>
<articleentry>
<mainentry>Aaron</mainentry>
<mainentry lang="en">	Aaron	</mainentry>
</articleentry>
<info/>
<div>
<head>I. Old Testament</head>
<p>The origin of the name is uncertain. In the Old
Testament A. is the brother of Moses and his spokesman
(Exod 4:14f.). He was reputed to be a
Levite (Priest; Exod 4:14), and the
traveling companion and deputy of Moses (Exod 7:1-7),
a miracle worker (Exod 8:1f.), a charismatic leader
(Exod 17:10-12; 24:14) and the progenitor of the
legitimate, Levitical-Aaronic priesthood of Israel
(Exod 28f.; Lev 810; Num 3:54:49;
8:5-26; 1618). At the same time, however, he
was responsible for the establishment of the
illegitimate cult of the golden bull (Exod 32). Here
it may be a matter of a negatively directed etiology
of the sanctuary at Bethel (Beyerlin), whose priests
probably saw in A. their progenitor. Num 12 portrays
A. as an adversary of his brother: along with his
sister Miriam he questioned Moses claim to
exclusive leadership. Nevertheless, the heaviest
penalty did not fall on him, but Miriam. All this
together makes clear that several strands of tradition
have influenced one another. At the most, the
pre-priestly source lying behind the tradition of A.
as a charismatic leader might prove to be a historical
recollection. The historical A. appears to have come
from the southern tribes: the oldest tradition to
attach itself to his person (Exod 15:29; 17:8-16;
18:12) arose from south Judah (Noth). The traditions
that portray A. as the brother of Moses, prophet,
wonder-worker or ancestor of the priesthood are later.
Eventually, these traditions were written down in P,
whose Aaronic genealogy was the result of postexilic
compromises among groups (&#61664;Zadokites,
&#61664;Levites, Abiatharides) warring
over predominance among the priests. Since then the
whole priesthood has traced itself back to A. as its
common ancestor (1 Chron 5:27-41).</p>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Schaper, J.">Joachim Schaper</name>
</contributorgroup>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<listbibl>
<p>J. Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels,
1878, 61905, 135-137  M. Noth,
\berlieferungsgeschichte des Pentateuch, 1948, 31966,
195-199  W. Beyerlin, Herkunft und Geschichte
der dltesten Sinaitraditionen, 1961, 144-163 
A.H.J. Gunneweg, Leviten und Priester (FRLANT 89,
1965)  A. Cody, Aaron, Aaronitisches
Priestertum I, TRE 1, 1977, 1-5  H.
Valentin, Aaron (OBO 18, 1978)  N. Allen,
The Identity of the Jerusalem Priesthood during
the Exile, Hey J 23, 1982, 259-269  S.L.
Cook, Innerbiblical Interpretation in Ezekiel
44 and the History of Israels
Priesthood, JBL 114, 1995, 193-208.</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
</div>
<div>
<head>II. Ancient Judaism</head>
<p>Philo gave prominence to the understanding of Aaron
as the spokesman of the word of God, in which role he
is nevertheless ranked below Moses, and Philo
designated Aaron as the expressed word
(&#61548;<foreign
n="gre">&#972;&#947;&#959;&#962;</foreign>
&#960;<foreign n="gre">&#961;</foreign>o<foreign
n="gre">&#966;&#959;&#961;&#953;&#954;&#972;&#962;</foreign>/l<foreign
n="gre">&#972;</foreign>gos prophorik<foreign
n="gre">&#972;</foreign>s migr. 78; det. 39.126). In a
few writings from &#61664;Qumran there appears the
expectation of a Messiah from the lineage of A., who
is conceived of as the priestly partner of the Davidic
Messiah (1QS 9.11; cf. CD 13.1). In Rabbinic
literature one encounters the struggle for
reconciliation as the characteristic feature of A.
(mAvoth 1.12). Because he is the prototype of the High
Priest, Rabbinic exegesis leaned toward minimizing his
responsibility for the affair with the golden calf
(LevR 10.3). By contrast they emphasize A.s
strength in the face of the death of his sons Nadab
and Abihu, for which various explanations were sought.
 </p>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Jacobs, M.">Martin Jacobs</name>
</contributorgroup>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<listbibl>
<p>L. Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, vol. III, 1911
 L. Smolar & M. Aberbach, The Golden
Calf Episode in Postbiblical Literature, HUCA
39, 1968, 91-116  G.J. Brooke, The
Messiah of Aaron in the Damascus Document, RQ
15, 1991, 215-230.</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>Martin Jacobs</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
</div>
<div>
<head>III. Ancient Judaism</head>
<p>Philo gave prominence to the understanding of Aaron
as the spokesman of the word of God, in which role he
is nevertheless ranked below Moses, and Philo
designated Aaron as the expressed word
(&#61548;<foreign
n="gre">&#972;&#947;&#959;&#962;</foreign>
&#960;<foreign n="gre">&#961;</foreign>o<foreign
n="gre">&#966;&#959;&#961;&#953;&#954;&#972;&#962;</foreign>/l<foreign
n="gre">&#972;</foreign>gos prophorik<foreign
n="gre">&#972;</foreign>s migr. 78; det. 39.126). In a
few writings from &#61664;Qumran there appears the
expectation of a Messiah from the lineage of A., who
is conceived of as the priestly partner of the Davidic
Messiah (1QS 9.11; cf. CD 13.1). In Rabbinic
literature one encounters the struggle for
reconciliation as the characteristic feature of A.
(mAvoth 1.12). Because he is the prototype of the High
Priest, Rabbinic exegesis leaned toward minimizing his
responsibility for the affair with the golden calf
(LevR 10.3). By contrast they emphasize A.s
strength in the face of the death of his sons Nadab
and Abihu, for which various explanations were sought.
 </p>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Jacobs, M.">Martin Jacobs</name>
</contributorgroup>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<listbibl>
<p>L. Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, vol. III, 1911
 L. Smolar & M. Aberbach, The Golden
Calf Episode in Postbiblical Literature, HUCA
39, 1968, 91-116  G.J. Brooke, The
Messiah of Aaron in the Damascus Document, RQ
15, 1991, 215-230.</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>Martin Jacobs</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
</div>
</pseudoarticle>
</complexarticle>
</art>
<art>
<dummyarticle id="DUM-00024" entry="Abel"
sortcode="20657" volume="1" page="0">
<pseudoarticle>
<articleentry>
<mainentry>Abel</mainentry>
<mainentry lang="en">	Abel -> Cain and Abel
</mainentry>
</articleentry>
<info>
<sumpara>Abel<xref target="0000">Kain/Abel</xref>
</sumpara>
</info>
</pseudoarticle>
</dummyarticle>
</art>
<art>
<complexarticle id="COM-00022"
entry="Abbreviaturen/Abk|rzungen"
sortcode="00000" volume="0" page="0">
<pseudoarticle>
<articleentry>
<mainentry>Abbreviaturen/Abk|rzungen
[German]</mainentry>
<mainentry lang="en">	Abbreviations [English]
</mainentry>
</articleentry>
<info>
<sumpara/>
</info>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">I.</hi>  Medieval
Abbreviations.</head>
<p>Medieval abbreviations are based on the principles
of suspension and contraction developed in antiquity
(epigraphical, juridical-administrative abbreviations,
sacred names). In the 6th7th/9th centuries, the
fonts that developed variously by region (<xref
target="0000">book/book-making since antiquity</xref>)
developed different traditions in the use of
abbreviations.  The Carolingian minuscule that
gradually gained predominance abandoned many
abbreviations and leveled many differences. Because of
the rapid development of academic publishing at the
universities, the number and methods of abbreviations
multiplied anew.</p>
</div>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Schmid, Anne">Anne Schmid</name>
</contributorgroup>
</pseudoarticle>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<head>[References]</head>
<listbibl>
<p>L. Traube, <hi rend="italic">Nomina Sacra</hi>,
1907</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>W.M. Lindsay, <hi rend="italic">Notae Latinae</hi>,
Latin 1915, repr. 1965</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>N. Giovh Marchioli, <hi rend="italic">Alle
origini delle abbreviature latine, Ricerca
Papirologica</hi> 2, 1993.</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
<pseudoarticle>
<div>
<head>
<hi rend="bold">II.</hi> Catholic Orders.</head>
<p>Abbreviations for order designations appear
(non-uniformly) since the late Middle Ages. The
following selection includes the standard
abbreviations: B.M.V.=Beata Maria Virgo;
C.=Congregatio; Can.=Canonicus; Cl.=Clerici;
I.=Institutum; Miss.=Missionarius; O.=Ordo;
Reg.=Regularis; S.=Sanctus; Soc.=Societas.</p>
<p>AA (C. Augustinianorum ab Assumptione): <xref
target="0000">Assumptionists</xref>; C(an)R(eg):
Regulated <xref
target="SIM-11250">Canonists/Canons</xref>; CCF (C.
Caritatis Fratrum): <xref target="0000">Brothers of
Charity</xref>; CFA (C. Fratrum Alexianorum): <xref
target="SIM-00408">Alexians</xref>; CMF (Cordis Mariae
Filii): <xref target="0000">Claretines</xref>; CMM (C.
Miss. de Mariannhill): <xref
target="0000">Missionaries of Marianhill</xref>; CP
(C. Passionis Iesu Christi): <xref
target="0000">Passionists</xref>; CR (O.Cl.Reg. vulgo
Theatinorum): <xref target="0000">Theatines</xref>;
C(R)SA (Can.Reg. S. Augustini): <xref
target="0000">Augustinian Canons</xref>; CRSP
(C.Cl.Reg. S. Pauli Decollati): <xref
target="SIM-01511">Barnabites</xref>; CSsR (C.
Sanctissimi Redemptoris): <xref
target="0000">Redemptorists</xref>; CVUOSB (C. Vallis
Umbrosae O.S. Benedicti): <xref
target="0000">Vallombrosians</xref>; FMA (Filiae
Mariae Auxiliatricis): Sons of Mary, Help of
Christians <xref target="0000">Salesian Society of Don
Bosco</xref>; FMS (I. Fratrum Maristarum a Scholis):
<xref target="0000">Marist Fathers</xref>; FSC (I.
Fratrum Scholarum Christianarum): <xref
target="0000">Brothers of the Christian
Schools</xref>; IBMV: <xref target="0000">English
Ladies</xref>; MAfr (Miss. Africae, Patres Albi):
<xref target="0000">White Fathers</xref>; MI
(O.Cl.Reg. Ministrantium Infirmis): <xref
target="SIM-11223">Camilliani</xref>; OAD (O.
Augustiniensium Discalceatorum): Augustinians-<xref
target="SIM-01490">Discalced</xref>; OAnnM (O. de
Annuntiatione B.M.V.): <xref
target="0000">Annuntiates</xref>; OC/OCarm (O. Fratrum
B.M.V. de Monte Carmelo): <xref
target="0000">Carmelites</xref>; OCart (O.
Cartusiensis): <xref target="0000">Carthusians</xref>;
OCD (O. Fratrum Discalceatorum B.M.V. de Monte
Carmelo): Discalced Carmelites;  Ocist (O.
Cisterciensis): <xref
target="0000">Cistercians</xref>; OCR/OCSO (O.
Cisterciensium ]Reformatorum seu- Strictioris
Observantiae): <xref target="0000">Trappists</xref>;
OdeM (O.B.M.V. de Mercede): Mercedarians;
OFM/OFMCap/OFMConv (O. Fratrum Minorum
]Capuccinorum/Conventualium-): <xref
target="0000">Franciscans</xref>/<xref
target="0000">Capuchins</xref>/<xref
target="SIM-14153">Minorites</xref>; OH (O.
Hospitalarius S. Joannis de Deo): Brothers
Hospitallers of St. John of God; OM (O. Minimorum):
Paulaists (<xref target="SIM-14144">Minims</xref>); OP
(O. Praedicatorum): <xref
target="0000">Dominicans</xref>; OPraem (Candidus et
Can.O. Praemonstratensis): <xref
target="0000">Premonstratensians</xref>; Or (I.
Oratorii S. Philippi Nerii): <xref
target="0000">Oratorians</xref>; OSA (O. Fratrum S.
Augustini): Augustinians (until 1969 <xref
target="SIM-01298">Augustinian-Eremites</xref>]OESA-);
OSB (O.S. Benedicti): <xref
target="0000">Benedictines</xref>; OSC (O.S. Crucis):
Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Cross; OSCl (O.S.
Clarae): <xref target="SIM-11826">Clarists</xref>; OSM
(O. Servorum Mariae): <xref
target="0000">Servites</xref>; OSPPE (O. Fratrum S.
Pauli Primi Eremitae): <xref target="0000">The Pauline
Fathers</xref>; OSSalv (O. Sanctissimi Salvatoris):
<xref target="0000">Birgittines</xref>; OSST (O.
Sanctissimae Trinitatis): <xref
target="0000">Trinitarians</xref>; OSU (O.S. Ursulae):
<xref target="0000">Ursulines</xref>; OT (O. Fratrum
Domus Hospitalis S. Mariae Teutonicorum in Jerusalem):
Teutonic Order<xref target="0000">Priests of the
Teutonic Order</xref>); PSS (Soc. Presbyterorum a S.
Sulpitio): Sulpicians;  RSM (Religious Sisters of
Mercy, Sorores a Misericordia): <xref
target="0000">Sisters of Mercy</xref>; SAC (Soc.
Apostolatus Catholici): Pallottini:  SCVO (Sorores
Caritatis S. Vincentii a Paul): <xref
target="0000">Vincentians</xref>; SDB (Soc. S.
Francisci Salesii): <xref target="0000">Salesian
Society of Don Bosco</xref>; SDS (Soc. Divini
Salvatoris): <xref target="0000">Salvatorians</xref>;
SI/SJ (Soc. Iesu/Jesu): Society of Jesus, <xref
target="0000">Jesuits</xref>; SM (Soc. Mariae): <xref
target="0000">Marists</xref>, <xref
target="SIM-13596">Marianists</xref>; S(ch)P
(O.Cl.Reg. Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum):
<xref target="0000">Piarists</xref>; SSND (C. Pauperum
Sororum Scholarum Nostrae Dominae): Poor <xref
target="0000">School Sisters of Notre Dame</xref>; SSS
(C. Presbyterorum a Sanctissimo Sacramento): <xref
target="SIM-04705">Eucharistines</xref>; SVD (Soc.
Verbi Divini): <xref target="0000">Steylian
Missionaries</xref>.</p>
</div>
<contributorgroup>
<name normal="Heim, Manfred">Manfred Heim</name>
</contributorgroup>
</pseudoarticle>
<pseudobiblio>
<bibliogroup>
<head>[References]</head>
<listbibl>
<p>H.Ooms, <hi rend="italic">Repertorium universale
siglorum Ordinum et Institutum religiosorum in
Ecclesia catholica</hi>, 1958</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>G.Schwaiger, ed., <hi rend="italic">Mvnchtum,
Orden, Klvster</hi>, <hi
rend="superscript">2</hi>1994, 476f.</p>
</listbibl>
<listbibl>
<p>
<hi rend="italic">AnPont</hi> 1996.</p>
</listbibl>
</bibliogroup>
</pseudobiblio>
</complexarticle>
</art>
</sample>

I hope that was clear enough. :D

Thanks,

UlyLee



		
__________________________________ 
Yahoo! Mail - PC Magazine Editors' Choice 2005 
http://mail.yahoo.com